mesh_part_ops.hpp

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// FEAT3: Finite Element Analysis Toolbox, Version 3
// Copyright (C) 2010 by Stefan Turek & the FEAT group
// FEAT3 is released under the GNU General Public License version 3,
// see the file 'copyright.txt' in the top level directory for details.
 
#pragma once
 
// includes, feat
#include <kernel/base_header.hpp>
#include <kernel/geometry/index_set.hpp>
#include <kernel/geometry/mesh_part.hpp>
#include <kernel/geometry/target_set.hpp>
#include <kernel/shape.hpp>
#include <kernel/util/assertion.hpp>
 
// includes, system
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <memory>
#include <optional>
 
namespace FEAT::Geometry
{
  namespace Inner
  {
    template<typename Shape_, typename T_>
    class DimVector : public DimVector<typename Shape::FaceTraits<Shape_, Shape_::dimension - 1>::ShapeType, T_>
    {
    protected:
      std::vector<T_> vec;
 
    public:
      template<int dim_>
      std::vector<T_>& get()
      {
        static_assert(dim_ <= Shape_::dimension);
 
        using DimShape = typename Shape::FaceTraits<Shape_, dim_>::ShapeType;
        return DimVector<DimShape, T_>::vec;
      }
 
      template<int dim_>
      const std::vector<T_>& get() const
      {
        static_assert(dim_ <= Shape_::dimension);
 
        using DimShape = typename Shape::FaceTraits<Shape_, dim_>::ShapeType;
        return DimVector<DimShape, T_>::vec;
      }
    };
 
    template<typename T_>
    class DimVector<Shape::Vertex, T_>
    {
    protected:
      std::vector<T_> vec;
 
    public:
      template<int dim_>
      std::vector<T_>& get()
      {
        static_assert(dim_ == 0);
 
        return vec;
      }
 
      template<int dim_>
      const std::vector<T_>& get() const
      {
        static_assert(dim_ == 0);
 
        return vec;
      }
    };
 
    struct JoinEntry
    {
      std::optional<Index> left = std::nullopt;
 
      std::optional<Index> right = std::nullopt;
 
      std::optional<Index> index = std::nullopt;
    };
  } // namespace Inner
 
  template<typename MeshType_>
  class MeshPartOperations
  {
  private:
    using MeshType = MeshType_;
 
    using ShapeType = typename MeshType::ShapeType;
 
    using MeshPartType = MeshPart<MeshType>;
 
    using AttributeDataType = typename MeshPartType::AttributeDataType;
 
    using AttributeSetType = typename MeshPartType::AttributeSetType;
 
    using JoinEntry = Inner::JoinEntry;
 
    using JoinVec = std::vector<JoinEntry>;
 
    using Join = Inner::DimVector<ShapeType, JoinEntry>;
 
    using TargetSetHolderType = TargetSetHolder<ShapeType>;
 
    using IndexSetHolderType = IndexSetHolder<ShapeType>;
 
  public:
    template<typename AttributeFn_>
    static MeshPartType
    meshpart_intersection(const MeshPartType& left, const MeshPartType& right, const AttributeFn_& attribute_merge)
    {
      const auto join_pred = [](const JoinEntry& e) { return e.left.has_value() && e.right.has_value(); };
 
      // The result meshpart has a topology as long as any of the inputs have a topology
      const bool create_topology = left.has_topology() || right.has_topology();
      return meshpart_op(left, right, attribute_merge, join_pred, create_topology);
    }
 
    template<typename AttributeFn_>
    static MeshPartType
    meshpart_union(const MeshPartType& left, const MeshPartType& right, const AttributeFn_& attribute_merge)
    {
      const auto join_pred = [](const JoinEntry& e) { return e.left.has_value() || e.right.has_value(); };
      // The result meshpart has a topology as long as both of the inputs have a topology
      const bool create_topology = left.has_topology() && right.has_topology();
      return meshpart_op(left, right, attribute_merge, join_pred, create_topology);
    }
 
    static MeshPartType meshpart_difference(const MeshPartType& left, const MeshPartType& right)
    {
      // NOTE(mmuegge): Differences between meshparts with topology are technically supported.
      // They currently behave exactly as defined, which means they do not include any boundary entities
      // along the common border of the left and right mesh parts.
      // The implementation puts ~Index(0) values into the meshpart topology for these entities.
      // That is the proper operation, but not very useful in the context of meshparts
      // and quite surprising.
      // Hence the assertion below.
      // We could include these boundary entities in the difference.
      // To do so we would need to either determine how many additional entities
      // we need to add, so that we can size the meshpart topology appropriately,
      // or create a dynamic data structure for topologies.
      // Both of these solution are quite a lot of work, so we leave out differences between
      // meshparts with topology for now.
      XASSERTM(
        !left.has_topology() && !right.has_topology(),
        "Difference between meshparts with topology are not supported.");
 
      const auto merge = [](AttributeDataType& a, AttributeDataType& /*b*/) { return a; };
      const auto join_pred = [](const JoinEntry& e) { return e.left.has_value() && !e.right.has_value(); };
      return meshpart_op(left, right, merge, join_pred, false);
    }
 
    static MeshPartType meshpart_symmetric_difference(const MeshPartType& left, const MeshPartType& right)
    {
      // Identity merge, because no common entities end up in result
      const auto merge = [](AttributeDataType& a, AttributeDataType& /*b*/) { return a; };
      MeshPartType a = meshpart_difference(left, right, merge);
      MeshPartType b = meshpart_difference(right, left, merge); // NOLINT
      return meshpart_union(a, b, merge, false);
    }
 
  private:
    template<typename AttributeFn_, typename PredFn_>
    static MeshPartType meshpart_op(
      const MeshPartType& left,
      const MeshPartType& right,
      const AttributeFn_& attribute_merge,
      const PredFn_& join_pred,
      const bool create_topology)
    {
      // Determine join of mesh parts
      // The join tracks which indices belong to the same entity on the left, right, and result meshparts.
      Join join;
      join_elements(join, left.get_target_set_holder(), right.get_target_set_holder());
 
      // The join predicate determines which elements get added to the target set holder
      TargetSetHolderType tsh;
      build_target_set_holder(tsh, join, join_pred, left.get_target_set_holder(), right.get_target_set_holder());
 
      // Determine result size from target set
      std::array<Index, ShapeType::dimension + 1> size{};
      for(int i(0); i < ShapeType::dimension + 1; i++)
      {
        size[std::size_t(i)] = tsh.get_num_entities(i);
      }
 
 
      // Create result mesh part
      MeshPartType result(size.data(), create_topology);
      result.get_target_set_holder() = std::move(tsh);
 
      if(create_topology)
      {
        // Empty dummy IndexSetHolder. Allows us to handle all configurations of has/has-no topology the same
        IndexSetHolderType empty;
        const IndexSetHolderType* left_ish = left.has_topology() ? left.get_topology() : &empty;
        const IndexSetHolderType* right_ish = right.has_topology() ? right.get_topology() : &empty;
 
        build_topology(
          *result.get_topology(),
          join,
          *left_ish,
          left.get_target_set_holder(),
          *right_ish,
          right.get_target_set_holder());
      }
 
      // Handle attributes
      copy_attributes(attribute_merge, join, result, left, right);
 
      // Return intersection mesh part
      return std::move(result);
    }
 
    static std::set<String> common_attributes(const MeshPartType& left, const MeshPartType& right)
    {
      std::set<String> attributes;
 
      for(const auto& pair : right.get_mesh_attributes())
      {
        const AttributeSetType* attribute = left.find_attribute(pair.first);
        if(attribute != nullptr && pair.second->get_dimension() == attribute->get_dimension())
        {
          attributes.insert(pair.first);
        }
      }
 
      return attributes;
    }
 
    template<typename AttributeFn_>
    static void copy_attributes(
      const AttributeFn_& fn,
      const Join& join,
      MeshPartType& result,
      const MeshPartType& left,
      const MeshPartType& right)
    {
      // Determine attributes that exist on both the left and right meshpart
      std::set<String> attributes = common_attributes(left, right);
 
      // Copy common attributes to result meshpart
      for(const String& name : attributes)
      {
        const AttributeSetType* left_attribute = left.find_attribute(name);
        const AttributeSetType* right_attribute = right.find_attribute(name);
 
        const int dim = left_attribute->get_dimension();
 
        auto new_attribute = std::make_unique<AttributeSetType>(result.get_num_entities(0), dim);
 
        const JoinVec& join_vec = join.template get<0>();
 
        for(const JoinEntry& t : join_vec)
        {
          if(!t.index.has_value())
          {
            // Entity is not in result meshpart. Skip it.
            continue;
          }
 
          if(t.left.has_value() && t.right.has_value())
          {
            // Entity exists on both meshpart. Merge the attribute values
            for(int i(0); i < dim; i++)
            {
              AttributeDataType l = left_attribute->operator()(t.left.value(), i);
              AttributeDataType r = right_attribute->operator()(t.right.value(), i);
              new_attribute->operator()(t.index.value(), i) = fn(l, r);
            }
          }
          else if(t.left.has_value())
          {
            // Entity exists only on left meshpart. Copy the attribute value
            for(int i(0); i < dim; i++)
            {
              AttributeDataType l = left_attribute->operator()(t.left.value(), i);
              new_attribute->operator()(t.index.value(), i) = l;
            }
          }
          else if(t.right.has_value())
          {
            // Entity exists only on right meshpart. Copy the attribute value
            for(int i(0); i < dim; i++)
            {
              AttributeDataType r = right_attribute->operator()(t.right.value(), i);
              new_attribute->operator()(t.index.value(), i) = r;
            }
          }
          else
          {
            XABORTM("Entity in meshpart operation result without source index");
          }
        }
        result.add_attribute(std::move(new_attribute), name);
      }
    }
 
    template<int dim_ = ShapeType::dimension>
    static void build_topology(
      IndexSetHolderType& output_ish,
      Join& join,
      const IndexSetHolderType& left_ish,
      const TargetSetHolderType& left_tsh,
      const IndexSetHolderType& right_ish,
      const TargetSetHolderType& right_tsh)
    {
      if constexpr(dim_ == 0)
      {
        // Nothing to do for vertices
        return;
      }
      else
      {
        build_topology<dim_ - 1>(output_ish, join, left_ish, left_tsh, right_ish, right_tsh);
        build_topology_inner<dim_, dim_ - 1>(output_ish, join, left_ish, left_tsh, right_ish, right_tsh);
      }
    }
 
    template<int dim_, int codim_>
    static void build_topology_inner(
      IndexSetHolderType& output_ish,
      Join& join,
      const IndexSetHolderType& left_ish,
      const TargetSetHolderType& left_tsh,
      const IndexSetHolderType& right_ish,
      const TargetSetHolderType& right_tsh)
    {
      if constexpr(codim_ < 0)
      {
        // There are no facets with dimension lower than 0. No more work to be done.
        return;
      }
      else
      {
        // Recursive call to sub entities
        build_topology_inner<dim_, codim_ - 1>(output_ish, join, left_ish, left_tsh, right_ish, right_tsh);
 
        using DimShape = typename Shape::FaceTraits<ShapeType, dim_>::ShapeType;
        constexpr int num_indices = Shape::FaceTraits<DimShape, codim_>::count;
        using IndexSetType = IndexSet<num_indices>;
 
        JoinVec& dim_entities = join.template get<dim_>();
        JoinVec& codim_entities = join.template get<codim_>();
 
        const IndexSetType& right_is = right_ish.template get_index_set<dim_, codim_>();
        const IndexSetType& left_is = left_ish.template get_index_set<dim_, codim_>();
 
        IndexSetType& out = output_ish.template get_index_set<dim_, codim_>();
 
        // NOTE(mmuegge): It is tempting to turn the JoinVecs into hashmaps,
        // but we first search for right-indices and then left-indicies.
        // This means we need to duplicate information two maps with different keys.
        // So this might actually be more elegant.
 
        // Right Search
 
        // In the following, we need to search for entities in the codim_entities vector.
        // To do so efficiently we sort it beforehand, to allow for binary searches later
        std::sort(
          codim_entities.begin(),
          codim_entities.end(),
          [](const JoinEntry& a, const JoinEntry& b) { return a.right < b.right; });
 
        // We first search for topology in the entities of the right meshpart.
        // If, for any entitiy in the result meshpart, we do not find the topology there,
        // we need additionally search in the left meshpart.
        // Because we need to re-sort the codim vector, we do these steps one after the other
        // and use this bool to indicate whether we need to do the left-search at all.
        bool left_entities = false;
 
        // Determine topology for all entities that are part of the result
        // mesh part and stem from the right mesh part
        for(const JoinEntry& t : dim_entities)
        {
          if(!t.index.has_value())
          {
            // This entry is not part of the result mesh part. Skip it.
            continue;
          }
 
          if(!t.right.has_value())
          {
            // This entry does not stem from the right mesh part. Skip it.
 
            // This also means we need to handle entities stemming from the left
            // mesh part after this
            left_entities = true;
            continue;
          }
 
          for(int j(0); j < num_indices; j++)
          {
            // Search for join entry of j-th sub-entity.
 
            // NOTE(mmuegge): We are searching among the "std::optional<Index> right"
            // members of the join entries. We thus wrap our target value itself into
            // an optional before starting the search
 
            const std::optional<Index> target(right_is[t.right.value()][j]);
            std::optional<Index> codim_index = search(
              codim_entities.begin(),
              codim_entities.end(),
              target,
              [](const JoinEntry& a, const std::optional<Index>& i) { return a.right < i; });
            XASSERT(codim_index.has_value());
 
            const JoinEntry& codim_entry = codim_entities[codim_index.value()];
 
            // NOTE(mmuegge): codim_entry.index is only empty when trying to produce differences on meshparts.
            // In that case we could be searching for a topology element that has been removed as part of the
            // shared boundary between left and right.
            // That case is forbidden via an assertion above, but is safely handled here anyway.
            out(t.index.value(), j) = codim_entry.index.value_or(~Index(0));
          }
        }
 
        if(!left_entities)
        {
          return;
        }
 
        // Left Search
 
        // Prepare join for searching entities of right mesh part
        std::sort(
          codim_entities.begin(),
          codim_entities.end(),
          [](const JoinEntry& a, const JoinEntry& b) { return a.left < b.left; });
 
        for(const JoinEntry& t : dim_entities)
        {
          if(!t.index.has_value() || t.right.has_value() || !t.left.has_value())
          {
            // We only handle entries that are part of the result,
            // part of the left meshpart,
            // and have not been handled by the right meshpart case above
            continue;
          }
 
          for(int j(0); j < num_indices; j++)
          {
            const std::optional<Index> target(left_is[t.left.value()][j]);
            std::optional<Index> codim_index = search(
              codim_entities.begin(),
              codim_entities.end(),
              target,
              [](const JoinEntry& a, const std::optional<Index>& i) { return a.left < i; });
            XASSERT(codim_index.has_value());
 
            const JoinEntry& codim_entry = codim_entities[codim_index.value()];
            out(t.index.value(), j) = codim_entry.index.value_or(~Index(0));
          }
        }
      }
    }
 
    template<int dim_ = ShapeType::dimension>
    static void build_target_set_holder(
      TargetSetHolderType& output_tsh,
      Join& join,
      const std::function<bool(const JoinEntry&)>& pred,
      const TargetSetHolderType& left_tsh,
      const TargetSetHolderType& right_tsh)
    {
      if constexpr(dim_ < 0)
      {
        // No more work to be done
        return;
      }
      else
      {
        // Recurse to lower dimension
        build_target_set_holder<dim_ - 1>(output_tsh, join, pred, left_tsh, right_tsh);
 
        JoinVec& entities = join.template get<dim_>();
        const TargetSet& right_ts = right_tsh.template get_target_set<dim_>();
        const TargetSet& left_ts = left_tsh.template get_target_set<dim_>();
 
        std::vector<Index> target_set_vec;
        for(JoinEntry& t : entities)
        {
          if(pred(t))
          {
            // Entity should be added; assign it an index
            t.index = target_set_vec.size();
            if(t.left)
            {
              // Pull target set information from left target set
              target_set_vec.push_back(left_ts[t.left.value()]);
            }
            else if(t.right)
            {
              // Pull target set information from right target set
              target_set_vec.push_back(right_ts[t.right.value()]);
            }
            else
            {
              // NOTE(mmuegge): This seems at first glance like the starting place
              // for a complement operation. But I think we need to special case that,
              // because we would need to grab any entitity not in one of the meshparts
              // here and keep track of which entities we have already added.
              XABORTM("No source index for entity!");
            }
          }
        }
 
        // Copy to actual target set, now that we know the final size.
        TargetSet result(target_set_vec.size());
        for(Index i(0); i < target_set_vec.size(); i++)
        {
          result[i] = target_set_vec[i];
        }
 
        // Move into output target set holder
        output_tsh.template get_target_set<dim_>() = std::move(result);
      }
    }
 
    template<int dim_ = ShapeType::dimension>
    static void join_elements(Join& join, const TargetSetHolderType& left_tsh, const TargetSetHolderType& right_tsh)
    {
      if constexpr(dim_ < 0)
      {
        return;
      }
      else
      {
        // Recurse to lower dimension
        join_elements<dim_ - 1>(join, left_tsh, right_tsh);
 
        JoinVec& join_vec = join.template get<dim_>();
 
        const TargetSet& left = left_tsh.template get_target_set<dim_>();
        const TargetSet& right = right_tsh.template get_target_set<dim_>();
 
        // Prepare lookup vector for left mesh part
 
        // Create a copy of the target set we can safely modify
        TargetSet left_lookup = left.clone();
 
        Index* lbegin = left_lookup.get_indices();
        Index* lend = left_lookup.get_indices() + left_lookup.get_num_entities();
 
        // The target set will be sorted to enable binary searches.
        // We need a way to retrieve the original indices later.
        // We thus create this vector of indices and sort it the same way
        // we sort the target set.
        std::vector<Index> left_indices(left_lookup.get_num_entities());
        for(Index i(0); i < left_lookup.get_num_entities(); i++)
        {
          left_indices[i] = i;
        }
 
        std::sort(
          left_indices.begin(),
          left_indices.end(),
          [&](Index a, Index b) { return left_lookup[a] < left_lookup[b]; });
        std::sort(lbegin, lend);
 
        // Find entities exclusive to right mesh part and entities in intersection
 
        for(Index i(0); i < right.get_num_entities(); i++)
        {
          JoinEntry entry;
          entry.right = i;
 
          const std::optional<Index> sorted_left = search(lbegin, lend, right[i]);
          if(sorted_left)
          {
            entry.left = left_indices[sorted_left.value()];
          }
 
          join_vec.push_back(entry);
        }
 
        // OPTIMIZATION(mmuegge): At this point we have sufficient information to
        // determine the intersection of two mesh parts. We calculate the full join
        // only for other mesh part operations. If mesh part intersection ever
        // becomes a performance bottleneck, we can calculate these joins more fine grained.
 
        // Prepare lookup vector for left mesh part
 
        // Create a copy of the target set we can safely modify
        TargetSet right_lookup = right.clone();
 
        Index* rbegin = right_lookup.get_indices();
        Index* rend = right_lookup.get_indices() + right_lookup.get_num_entities();
 
        // The target set will be sorted to enable binary searches.
        // We need a way to retrieve the original indices later.
        // We thus create this vector of indices and sort it the same way
        // we sort the target set.
        std::vector<Index> right_indices(right_lookup.get_num_entities());
        for(Index i(0); i < right_lookup.get_num_entities(); i++)
        {
          right_indices[i] = i;
        }
 
        std::sort(
          right_indices.begin(),
          right_indices.end(),
          [&](Index a, Index b) { return right_lookup[a] < right_lookup[b]; });
        std::sort(rbegin, rend);
 
        // Find entities exclusive to left mesh part
 
        for(Index i(0); i < left.get_num_entities(); i++)
        {
          const std::optional<Index> sorted_right = search(rbegin, rend, left[i]);
          if(!sorted_right.has_value())
          {
            JoinEntry entry;
            entry.left = i;
            join_vec.push_back(entry);
          }
        }
      }
    }
 
    template<typename Iter_, typename T_>
    static std::optional<Index> search(Iter_ begin, Iter_ end, const T_& value)
    {
      Iter_ it = std::lower_bound(begin, end, value);
      if(it == end || *it != value)
      {
        return std::nullopt;
      }
      else
      {
        return std::distance(begin, it);
      }
    }
 
    template<typename Iter_, typename T_, typename CompFn_>
    static std::optional<Index> search(Iter_ begin, Iter_ end, const T_& value, const CompFn_& fn)
    {
      Iter_ it = std::lower_bound(begin, end, value, fn);
      if(it == end || fn(*it, value))
      {
        return std::nullopt;
      }
      else
      {
        return std::distance(begin, it);
      }
    }
  };
} // namespace FEAT::Geometry